Do I Need a Will If I’m Leaving Insurance Policy to a Beneficiary?

Do I Need a Will If I’m Leaving Insurance Policy to a Beneficiary?

If you aren’t thorough with your estate planning, you could create conflict, even with the best of intentions, says a recent article from yahoo! Entertainment titled “Life Insurance Beneficiary vs. Will: Do I Need Both?”

Your life insurance beneficiary designation supersedes your will, so you’ll need to have your life insurance policy and your will aligned to save heirs from stress, confusion, and possible litigation. You can use both life insurance beneficiaries and wills to bequeath assets to others when you die. However, they can work together or against each other, so meticulous planning is key.

Here’s how they work, and which takes precedence.

A life insurance beneficiary is the person or entity, like a charity, named to receive proceeds from your life insurance policy when you die. Your beneficiary will receive payment from the life insurance policy according to the terms of the policy. Who you designate as a beneficiary doesn’t have anything to do with who receives other assets from your estate, such as property or financial accounts.

A will is a legal document declaring who should receive your possessions after death. The will does not define the destination of one specific asset, like a life insurance beneficiary. Instead, it contains a list of the beneficiaries who you wish to receive your assets.

If you have minor children, a will is also used to assign legal guardians, the people who you wish to raise your children in your absence.

Your will needs to go through probate court before beneficiaries receive anything. The probate process confirms your will’s authenticity, interprets the language in the will and authorizes the named executor to carry out your intentions. Your life insurance policy goes directly to your beneficiary without probate review.

Does a life insurance policy override a will? If you designate one person to receive your life insurance policy proceeds and then name a different person in the will to receive the proceeds, the person named in the life insurance policy will win. Any intentions in the will don’t influence or have any legal power over what’s in the will.

Your beneficiary designation in the policy is the sole determining factor, with one exception. If the beneficiary passes away before you and there is no contingent beneficiary named, the life insurance proceeds will go to your estate. Your executor will then disburse assets from the estate according to the beneficiaries named in your will.

Do you need a will? While a will has no influence over your life insurance, it’s a critical part of your estate plan. Probate court uses the will to determine who receives assets and name an executor. Just be sure that your will, any trusts and named beneficiaries on life insurance and other accounts are aligned to avoid creating friction between loved ones. It’s best to have a will to bring cohesion to your estate plan, instead of relying on separate beneficiary designations.

Reference: yahoo! entertainment (Feb. 6, 2023) “Life Insurance Beneficiary vs. Will: Do I Need Both?”

What Is Probate Court?

What Is Probate Court?

Probate court is a part of the court system that oversees the execution of wills, as well as the handling of estates, conservatorships and guardianships. This court also is responsible for the commitment of a person with psychiatric disabilities to institutions designed to help them.

Investopedia’s recent article entitled “What Is Probate Court?” also explains that the probate court makes sure all debts owed are paid and that assets are distributed properly. The court oversees and usually must approve the actions of the executor appointed to handle these matters. If a will is contested, the probate court is responsible for ruling on the authenticity of the document and the cognitive stability of the person who signed it. If no will exists, the court also decides who receives the decedent’s assets, based on the laws of the state.

Each state has rules for probate and probate courts. Some states use the term “surrogate’s court”, “orphan’s court”, or “chancery court.”

Probate is usually required for property titled only in the name of the person who passes away. For example, this might include a family home that was owned jointly by a married couple after the surviving spouse dies. However, there are assets that don’t require probate.

Here are some of the assets that don’t need to be probated:

  • IRA or 401(k) retirement accounts with designated beneficiaries
  • Life insurance policies with designated beneficiaries
  • Pension plan distributions
  • Living trust assets
  • Payable-on-death (POD) bank account funds
  • Transfer-on-death (TOD) assets
  • Wages, salary, or commissions owed to the deceased (up to allowable limit)
  • Vehicles intended for immediate family (under state law); and
  • Household goods and other items intended for immediate family (under state law).

Investopedia (Sep. 21, 2022) “What Is Probate Court?”

What Should I Know About Probate Costs?

What Should I Know About Probate Costs?

The cost of probate depends on several factors. One of the most important is the state where the decedent lived. The cost of probate varies from state to state, depending on the general cost of living in the state and state probate laws. Other factors also impact the cost of probate.

Nasdaq.com’s recent article entitled “How Much Does Probate Cost?” provides a breakdown of fees associated with probate. The process of probating an estate will settle the estate after the decedent’s death and following their last will and testament. It’s also used for those who die without a will or intestate. Assets owned only by the decedent are usually addressed in the will and are distributed according to the decedent’s wishes. An executor is usually named in the will, and an administrator of the estate is appointed in the case of a decedent dying intestate. The executor takes an inventory of the decedent’s assets, pays the decedent’s outstanding debts and presents the inventoried estate to the court for settlement. If there are no objections to the will, the estate is closed. If there are objections, the probate judge is responsible for settling them. The longer the probate process drags on, the more expensive it will be.

Probate can be a time-consuming process. A modest estate may take six to 24 months to settle. Larger estates can take even longer, if they’re complex.  It also necessary to add in more time if the will’s contested or beneficiaries can’t be found. The longer the process, the more expensive it becomes. Probate costs in 2021 run about 3% to 8% of the value of the estate. Let’s look at the key costs of probate:

Court Costs. This includes filing fees. Some states require the same filing fee for all estates, while others have a graduated scale depending on the size and complexity of the estate. The more complex the estate, the higher the court costs.

Executor Costs. The executor of a will is typically paid at least a nominal fee. Fees are mandated by state law, unless the decedent specifies in his or her will what the executor should be paid. Some states permit a flat and “reasonable” fee which may be determined by the court. Other states require a graduated fee, such as a certain percent of the estate for the first $100,000 and so on. If the will doesn’t state the executor’s fee or if the decedent dies intestate, the court determines the executor’s fee.

Accounting Fees. Accounting costs can be high with more complex estates. If the decedent has complicated business affairs to sort out or owns many stocks and other securities, the complexity will require higher accounting fees. The accountant will also have to file federal and state taxes in the form of a final return.

Attorney Fees. When the executor believes an attorney is needed, the attorney is paid out of the estate. Attorney’s fees can be state-mandated, determined by the court, or set by the attorney depending on the anticipated workload.

Estate Administration Fees. The executor will often incur significant costs of administering the estate, such as property appraisals, and a real estate agent may have to be hired and paid to dispose of property or businesses. A property may also have to be managed until it’s sold or the estate is closed.

Reference: Nasdaq.com (Feb. 2, 2023) “How Much Does Probate Cost?”

Does Will Have an Expiration Date?

Does Will Have an Expiration Date?

Nj.com’s recent article entitled “Do I need to change my will if it’s about 10 years old?” explains that there’s no expiration date on a will.

However, as your family and financial situations change, let alone as laws change, wills may need to be updated to reflect these changes and better reflect your intent.

If the changes are minor, they can be reflected in a codicil. That’s a separate document changing the will.

Codicils can be used to keep a will current and up to date. They’re separate documents from wills—and serve as an addendum to the will.

The use of a codicil dates back to ancient times when, for instance, an heir needed to be named.

The requirements for a codicil vary in each state, and like a will, most states require two witness signatures for codicils, while some states allow the document to be notarized.

In contrast, significant changes should be done by having a new will prepared and executed.

Sometimes, even minor changes may involve preparation of a new will.

For instance, in the original will you may have excluded a beneficiary who you now want to include. However, don’t want the beneficiary to find out they were originally excluded.

If you sign a codicil, the previous exclusion will be obvious. However, with a new will, the old will and previous exclusion will remain undisclosed.

Don’t mark up or hand-edit an original will because that will make it hard or impossible to probate. It will probably require a court proceeding to have the will accepted for probate.

Finally, some financial institutions have problems with older wills, so you may want to inquire about their policies to make sure there won’t be trouble after you pass away.

Reference: nj.com (Oct. 22, 2022) “Do I need to change my will if it’s about 10 years old?”

Who Gets Graceland after Lisa Marie Presley‘s Death?

Who Gets Graceland after Lisa Marie Presley‘s Death?

The daughter of Elvis and Priscilla Presley, died on January 12 at 54 after suffering a cardiac arrest at her home in Calabasas, California. She will be buried near her late father and son (Ben Keogh) at Graceland, reports NME’s recent article entitled “Lisa Marie Presley’s children to inherit Graceland estate.”

According to People, Lisa Marie’s three daughters – actor Riley Keough, 33, and twins Harper and Finley Lockwood, 14 – will inherit Graceland in Memphis, Tennessee.

She was the sole heir to her father’s estate, which she assumed in 1980 after the Presley’s death in 1977. She owned Elvis’ former home, including his Graceland mansion and its surrounding 13 acres.

The estate was passed to Lisa Marie in trust when she was just nine. That trust officially dissolved on her 25th birthday in 1993, giving her full ownership of Graceland.

Graceland was turned into a public museum in tribute to Elvis in 1982. About 650,000 people visit the estate every year. The property is estimated to be worth $500 million.

Lisa Marie vowed to keep Graceland in the family.

“Graceland was given to me and will always be mine,” she said in a 2013 interview. “And then passed to my children. It will never be sold.”

The family has requested that fans donate to The Elvis Presley Charitable Foundation, instead of giving flowers.

With the news of Lisa Marie’s passing, tributes poured in from the likes of her ex-husband Nicolas Cage, John Travolta, Elvis star Austin Butler and the Michael Jackson estate.

Lisa Marie Presley opened up about bereavement in a 2022 essay for People, writing that “grief does not stop or go away in any sense, a year, or years after the loss.” She lost her son Ben to suicide in 2020.

She added: “Grief is something you will have to carry with you for the rest of your life, in spite of what certain people or our culture wants us to believe.”

Reference: NME (Jan. 17, 2023) “Lisa Marie Presley’s children to inherit Graceland estate”

Why Change the Executor of Your Will?

Why Change the Executor of Your Will?

Yahoo Finance’s recent article entitled “How to Change the Executor of a Will” explains that you may need to choose a new executor in the following situations:

  • Your original executor dies or becomes seriously ill and can’t fulfill his or her duties;
  • You named your spouse as executor but you’ve divorced;
  • The individual you originally designated as executor decides he or she no longer wants the responsibility;
  • You’ve had a personal falling out with your executor; and
  • You think another person is better equipped to execute your will.

However, you don’t need to give a specific reason to change the executor of a will. When you’re ready to make a change, you can add a codicil to an existing will or draft a new will.

A codicil is a written amendment used to modify the terms of your will without drafting a new one. It can be used to change the executor of a will or revise any other terms as needed.

You must validate the codicil the same way you did your original will, signing and dating the codicil with the same legal formalities required for the original will.

If you’d like to change more than just the executor of your will, you might think about drafting a new will document. The new will would also need to be signed with the same legal formalities required for the original will.

You must also take the added step of destroying all copies of the original will. This is needed to avoid confusion and any possible challenges to the terms of the will after you die.

If you don’t name an executor in your will, the probate court can assign one. After you die, eligible persons can apply to become the executor of your estate. The individual the judge selects would then be able to carry out the terms of your will.

If you don’t have a will at all, then your assets would be distributed by default according to your state’s inheritance laws.

Reference: Yahoo Finance (Dec. 28, 2022) “How to Change the Executor of a Will”

Is Handwritten Instruction in Bible Valid to Update a Will?

Is Handwritten Instruction in Bible Valid to Update a Will?

The Tennessee Court of Appeals held that a handwritten instruction in a Bible that included only the first name of the writer was a valid codicil that changed a will

The ABA Journal’s recent article entitled “Bible note changed writer’s will, Tennessee appeals court rules” reports that the case concerned the will of Micki D. Thompson and her instruction regarding a gift to Albert Read Lewin.

In a Bible owned by her executor, a close friend, she’d written below the date: “Albert Read Lewin—shall receive $3,000 per month for life—This is appreciation for his care and complete dedication to Micki and her welfare. He gave All in making her life.”

There wasn’t a separate signature beneath the instruction. The Bible was found with Thompson’s personal property.

The parties agreed that the handwriting was Thompson’s, and that she was of sound mind when she wrote the statement that referred to herself in the third person.

However, a trial judge ruled that the writing didn’t meet the Tennessee law’s requirement for a signature for holographic wills.

The law states: “No witness to a holographic will is necessary, but the signature and all its material provisions must be in the handwriting of the testator, and the testator’s handwriting must be proved by two (2) witnesses.”

However, the Tennessee Court of Appeals reversed and found that Thompson’s insertion of her first name within the body of the handwriting satisfies the signature requirement.

When a name is inserted at some point in a holographic will that is not signed by the testator, the presumption is that the writer didn’t intend the writing to be a will.  However,the presumption may be rebutted, the appeals court said.

A holographic will is a handwritten and testator-signed document.

In this case, the trial court had found that the inscription demonstrated Thompson’s intent. The facts overcame the rebuttable presumption, the Court of Appeals concluded.

Reference: ABA Journal (Oct. 28, 2021) “Bible note changed writer’s will, Tennessee appeals court rules”

Beneficiary Mistakes to Avoid

Beneficiary Mistakes to Avoid

Planning for one’s eventual death can be a somber task. However, consider what would occur if you failed to plan: loved ones trying to figure out your intentions, a long and expensive legal battle with unintended heirs and instead of grieving your loss, wondering why you didn’t take care of business while you were living. Planning suddenly becomes far more appealing, doesn’t it?

A recent article from yahoo! finance, “5 Retirement Plan Beneficiary Mistakes to Avoid,” explains how to avoid some of the issues regarding beneficiaries.

You haven’t named a beneficiary for your retirement accounts. This is a common estate planning mistake, even though it seems so obvious. A beneficiary can be a person, a charity, a trust, or your estate. Your estate planning attorney will be able to help you identify likely beneficiaries and ensure they are eligible.

You forgot to review your beneficiary designations for many years. Most people have changes in relationships as they move through the stages of life. The same person who was your best friend in your twenties might not even be in your life in your sixties. However, if you don’t check on beneficiary designations on a regular basis, you may be leaving your retirement accounts to people who haven’t heard from you in decades and disinheriting loved ones. Every time you update your estate plan, which should be every three to five years, check your beneficiary designations.

You didn’t name your spouse as a primary beneficiary for a retirement account. When Congress passed the 2019 SECURE Act, the bill removed a provision allowing non-spousal beneficiaries to stretch out disbursements from IRAs over their lifetimes, also known as the “Stretch IRA.” A non-spouse beneficiary must empty any inherited IRA within ten years from the death of the account holder. If a minor child is the beneficiary, once they reach the age of legal majority, they are required to follow the rules of a Required Minimum Distribution. Having a spouse named as beneficiary allows them to move the inherited IRA funds into their own IRA and take out assets as they wish.

You named an estate as a beneficiary. You can name your estate as a beneficiary. However, it creates a significant tangle for the family who has to set things right. For instance, if you have any debt, your estate could be attached by creditors. Your estate may also go through probate court, a court-supervised process to validate your will, have your final assets identified and have debts paid before any remaining assets are distributed to heirs.

You didn’t create a retirement plan until late in your career. Retirement seems very far away during your twenties, thirties and even forties. However, the years pass and suddenly you’re looking at retirement without enough money set aside. Creating an estate plan early in your working life shifts your focus, so you understand how important it is to have a retirement plan.

An experienced estate planning attorney can help square away your beneficiary designations as part of your overall estate plan. The best time to start? How about today?

Reference: yahoo! finance (Dec. 19, 2022) “5 Retirement Plan Beneficiary Mistakes to Avoid”

Do I Need to Name a Life Insurance Beneficiary?

Do I Need to Name a Life Insurance Beneficiary?

When a loved one dies, there are questions to address, such as how to pay for a funeral and other death expenses. A life insurance policy may help. However, the deceased must have made sure the proper beneficiary is named.

If a beneficiary isn’t designated, some issues with the estate could arise, or the policy could go to the decedent’s estate. Likewise, the same is true if the one beneficiary preceded the decedent in death.

Yahoo Finance’s recent article entitled “What Happens If I Don’t Name a Life Insurance Beneficiary?” explains that a life insurance policy is a contract you enter into with a life insurance company.

When you set up your life insurance policy, you have the right to name one or more beneficiaries who’ll get the proceeds of the policy when you die. You pay premiums on the policy until your death, to guarantee your beneficiaries that right.

You might designate just one beneficiary to receive all the proceeds. In addition to the primary beneficiary, you can name contingent beneficiaries who will receive the proceeds of the policy if the primary beneficiary predeceases the policyholder.

It is important to add as much identifying information about your beneficiaries as possible, so they can be easily identified. It’s also important to keep your policy up to date on the information of your beneficiaries.

If there are no beneficiaries living, either the proceeds of the policy will enter the probate process, or the life insurance proceeds will pass to the decedent’s heirs-at-law who are those people who are close to the decedent and would probably inherit, if there was a beneficiary designation or will.

Heirs-at-law are also defined as those people who will inherit your assets, if you die intestate.

Dying without a beneficiary in place or leaving your estate as beneficiary of your policy have different rules in each state.

Ask an experienced estate planning attorney about your state’s rules and the rules of the life insurance company when you’re setting up your life insurance policy and will.

Reference: Yahoo Finance (Dec. 10, 2022) “What Happens If I Don’t Name a Life Insurance Beneficiary?”

Can I Contest Dad’s Will While He’s Still Living?

Can I Contest Dad’s Will While He’s Still Living?

The Maryland Daily Record’s recent article entitled “Wills cannot be challenged until testator dies, Md. appeals court says” explains the Court of Special Appeals said a will or revocable trust is only a draft document until its drafter, or testator, has died.

As a result, those challenging a living person’s will or trust would be merely “presumptive heirs” who have no legal standing to challenge a legal document that’s not yet final.

“Pre-death challenges to wills may be a waste of time – the testator might replace it with a new one, die without property, or the challenger might die before the testator,” Judge Andrea M. Leahy wrote for the Court of Special Appeals.

The appellate court’s decision was the second defeat for Amy Silverstone, whose legal challenge to her mother Andrea Jacobson’s will was dismissed by a Montgomery County Circuit Court judge for lack of standing.

Silverstone argued that it should be declared void based on her claim that her aunt unduly influenced her mother. The mother suffers from dementia and memory impairment.

This undue influence led Silverstone’s mother, Andrea Jacobson, to change her will in 2018 to expressly “disinherit” Silverstone and her son, Silverstone alleged.

The mother’s new will stated that Silverstone and her son shall not “in any way be a beneficiary of or receive any portion of the trust or the grantor’s estate.”

The disinheritance came amid a falling out between mother and daughter, according to court documents.

Silverstone’s challenge to the will and related trust is premature while her mother is alive, the court held.

Reference: The Maryland Daily Record (Dec. 12, 2022) “Wills cannot be challenged until testator dies, Md. appeals court says”